He aha koe me whiriwhiri ai i te rakau hiato i runga ake i te rakau mō ō hiahia papa me te taiepa?
He pakari rawa te rakau hiato, he iti noa te tiaki, ā, he tino ataahua te āhua mō ngā papa me ngā taiepa. He otinga roa, he tino pai te mahi o waho, he whakapainga tino pai mai i te rakau tuku iho. Hei tauira, he roa te mau o ngā papa hiato. 25-50 tauKōwhiria he mea hanga mai i te hiato hei hanga i te ataahua me te mahi pumau, tae atu ki tō Taiapa Māra Wpc, i roto i te āhua o waho o tō whare.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Rakau whakakotahi he roa ake te ora i te rakau. Ka ātete ki te pirau, ki ngā pepeke, me te piko. Ko te tikanga ka mau tonu te kaha o tō papa, tō taiepa rānei mō ngā tau maha.
- Kāore e hiahiatia he tiaki nui mō te rakau whakakotahi. Kāore e hiahiatia he peita, he whakakoi rānei. Horoia noa ki te hopi me te wai. Mā tēnei ka penapena i tō wā me tō moni.
- He pai te rakau hiato mō te Ao. Ka whakamahia ngā rauemi hangarua. He āwhina tēnei ki te taiao. He kōwhiringa atamai mō tō kāinga.
Te Pakari me te Ātete ki te Huarere Kore e Taea te Whakataetae
He tino ātete te rakau whakakotahi ki ngā tūmomo mōrearea taiao. He tino ātete ki te pirau, te pirau, me ngā pepeke. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei rauemi he otinga pakari mō ngā tono o waho.
Te ātete ki te pirau, te pirau, me ngā pepeke
Ka hangaia e ngā kaihanga he rakau whakakotahi mai i te ngā muka rakau hangarua, te kirihou, me te polyethylene matotoru (HDPE). Nā tēnei hanganga ka ātete ki te makuku. He tino pai te papa hiato i roto i ngā āhuatanga makuku. kāore e mimiti i te makukuMā tēnei ka ārai i te pupuhi, te piko, te pirau rānei ina pāngia e te ua, te hukarere, te haumākū nui rānei. He tairongo ngā papa rakau tuku iho ki te makuku. Ka pupuhi, ka piko, ka pirau rānei i ngā āhuatanga mākū. Ahakoa ngā rakau ātete makuku pērā i te hita me te redwood, me tiaki tonu kia mau tonu ai te āhua mai i te makuku.
Ko ētahi waitohu, pērā i a TimberTech, ka hipoki i ā rātou papa ki te polymer mahi-teitei. Ka ārai tēnei polymer i te makuku. Kei roto i te papa MoistureShield te hangarau Solid Core. Ka whakauruhia e tēnei hangarau ngā muka rakau ki roto i te kirihou polyethylene. Ka tiaki i te makuku, te pirau, me ngā pepeke. He tino ātete te papa MoistureShield ki te makuku, te pirau, ngā pepeke, me ētahi atu huānga. Ka tukuna he Pūtāhui hanganga 50-tauE whakaatu ana tēnei i tōna pakari mō te wā roa.
Kei roto hoki i te rakau hiato ngā maimoatanga motuhake hei pehi i ngā pepeke. Ka tiakina te rakau e te borate wood preservative, tae atu ki ngā rauemi hiato, mai i ngā whakaekenga a ngā moko. Ka whakakorea te rakau hei puna kai. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa. Ko ētahi atu maimoatanga ko Parahi Azole, e whakamahia ana mō ngā hua rakau, me Triadimefon, he patu harore kua whakaaetia e te EPA mō te tiaki i ngā hua hiato rakau. Te Maimoatanga Rakau Bora-Care e ārai ana, e whakahaere ana hoki i ngā moko, ngā pōpokorua kamura, ngā pītau paura, me ngā harore pirau. E pā ana ki ngā rauemi pūtau katoa, tae atu ki ngā wāhanga hanganga rakau. Mā tēnei tiakitanga whānui ka roa te ora o te taiepa māra wpc me ētahi atu hanganga o waho. Ko ngā taonga POLYWOOD®, he momo hua rakau hiato, kei roto he pūtāhui rua tekau tau mō te whakamahinga kāinga. Ka hipokina e tēnei pūtāhui te hua mai i ngā hapa rauemi, te pakarukaru, te ngatata, te pakarukaru, te tihore, te pirau, me ngā kino hanganga i puta mai i te whakaekenga pepeke i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga me te ratonga noa.
Te whakakore i te pakaru, te ngatata, me ngā pakarukaru
Ka whakaitihia e te rakau hiato ngā raruraru noa pēnei i te piko, te ngatata, me te pakaru. He pai ake te pumau o ngā āhuatanga ki te rakau tūturu. Ko te papa hiato he iti ake te whānui me te whakawhāiti i te rakau tūturu. Ka rerekē te tere i runga i te rauemi. Ka nui ake te whānui o te papa PVC parakore. Papa whakarara e hangai ana ki te kohuke, pērā i ngā Deckorators, kāore e whakaatu ana i te whānui, i te whakaheke rānei. Ka puta tēnei ahakoa i raro i ngā rerekētanga nui o te pāmahana. Ko ngā papa papa whakakotahi ka whānui, ka whakaheke i te tere o 0.1% ki te 0.3% o tō rātou roa. Ka nui te whānui me te whakawhāiti o ngā papa rakau tūturuNā te mimiti me te tukunga o te makuku tēnei. Ka taea e ia te arahi ki ngā raruraru pēnei i te piko me te pakaru. He mea hanga te papa hiato kia ātete ki te makuku. Ko te mutunga mai o tēnei he iti ake te kitea o te whānui me te whakaheke. Ka whakapai ake hoki i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga.
E whakaū ana ngā paerewa me ngā whakamātautau ahumahi i te ātete o te rakau hiato ki ēnei take. Ngā Paerewa Āpiti Rakau Hangaia ANSI A135.6 kei roto ko ngā whakamātautau āhuahanga me ngā whakamātautau ā-tinana. Ka ine ēnei whakamātautau i ngā whakatakotoranga tika pēnei i te roa, te whānui, te matotoru, te tapawhā, me te tika. Ka aromatawaihia e ngā whakamātautau tāpiri te kaha piko, te pakari, te nui o te makuku, te whānui rārangi, me te pupuhi matotoru. E pā ana ēnei āhuatanga katoa ki te ātete ki te piko me te ngatata. Ko te tāutanga tika, e ai ki ngā aratohu ANSI A135.6, kei roto ko ngā whakaaetanga āputa tika. Ka taea e ēnei āputa te whakauru i ngā huringa o te wā, ā, ka tiaki hoki i te makuku. He mea nui tēnei hei ārai i ngā take pēnei i te piko me te pupuri i te kapinga whakamana.
Wpc totoka Ka whai wāhi te hanganga o te papa rakau ki tōna ātete ki te pakaru. He tino ngāwari, he tino ngāwari hoki te kirihou. Mā tēnei ka taea e te papa rakau te mimiti me te tohatoha i te ahotea mai i ngā kaha o waho. Ka piko pakupaku, kāore e whati. Ka rongoatia ngā muka rakau kia ātete ki te mimiti makuku. Ka mahi te paninga kirihou hei ārai. Ka whakaitihia te whānui me te whakahekenga e puta mai ana i te makuku. Ko tēnei whānui ka arahi ki te pakaru i roto i te rakau tuku iho. He pai ake te whakahaere a te Papa WPC Totoka i ngā huringa pāmahana i te rakau tuku iho. He...te tauwehenga iti o te whakawhānui weraKo te tikanga o tēnei, ka iti ake te whānui me te whakawhāiti i ngā huringa pāmahana. Ka whakaitihia te ahotea, ka whakaitihia hoki te tūponotanga o te pakaru. He tino ātete te papa WPC ki te makuku. Ka ārai i te pirau, te piko, me te pirau e kitea ana i roto i te rakau tuku iho ina pāngia e te wai. Ka pupuri tēnei i te hanganga o te rakau, ā, ka ārai i te pupuhi me te mimiti e arahi ana ki te pakaru.
Te Parenga Pai mō te Whakamarumaru me te Whakamarumaru
He pai ake te tiaki a ngā mata rakau hiato i te memeha me ngā paru. Nā te āhua kore-pūpū ka hangaia he ārai kaha ki ngā wai. He rerekē tēnei i te rakau pūpū tuku iho. Nā tēnei āhuatanga he pai mō ngā wāhi o waho. He mea nui te pupuri i te āhua ma i roto i ēnei wāhi. He mea hanga ngā mata rakau hiato kia... he tino ātete ki ngā momo poke, ngā maringi, me te rerekētanga o te taeMā tēnei ka mau tonu te ataahua o te rauemi i roto i te wā. He tino whai hua tēnei āhuatanga mō te taiapa māra wpc, he mea noa te pānga ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā turuturu pea.
He penapena nui nā te iti o te tiaki
He nui ngā painga pūtea o te rakau whakakotahi nā te iti o ngā whakaritenga tiaki. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei rauemi te wā me te moni e pau ana i ngā kaipupuri whare ki te tiaki.
Kāore he take mō te peita, te whakakoi, te hiri rānei
Kāore e hiahiatia te peita, te whakakoi, te hiri rānei i ngā papa rakau tuku iho i ia tau. Me whakakoi, me hiri hoki ngā kaipupuri whare kia kore ai e piko, e pirau rānei. He rerekē, he roa ake te mau o ngā papa rakau, ā, he ātete ki te huarere. He iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana mō rātou i roto i ā rātou mahi. Te roa o te oranga 30 ki te 40 tauNā tēnei rerekētanga ka puta he penapena nui.
| Momo Papa | Te Utu Tiaki ā-Tau (Ngā Rauemi) | Te Utu Tiaki ā-Tau (Mahi mō ia mita pūrua) |
|---|---|---|
| Papa Rakau (30 mita pūrua) | $225-300 | $15-25 |
| Papa Whakakotahi | $0-50 (mō te horoi i ētahi wā) | Kāore he |
E whakaatu ana tēnei ripanga i te rerekētanga nui o ngā utu tiaki ā-tauHe iti noa te utu mō ngā rauemi, ā, kāore he mahi hei horoi, hei hiri rānei mō te papa hiato.
Te Horoi me te Tiaki Māmā
He iti noa te mahi e hiahiatia ana hei tiaki i ngā mata rakau hiato. Ka tahia e ngā kaipupuri whare te papa i ia wā hei ārai i te hanga harore mai i ngā otaota whānui pērā i ngā rau me ngā manga. Ki te kore he papa hiato e hiritia, me horoi. horoia tata ki te kotahi i te tauMe whakawātea hoki ngā āputa i waenga i ngā papa i te iti rawa kotahi i te tau, me te auau tonu i runga i te āhuarangi. Mā te horoi auau ka tangohia ngā paru ka puta ai te paru, te pirau rānei.
He maha ngā rongoā horoi haumaru, whai hua hoki mō ngā rauemi rakau hiato. Ngā kaihoroi kei roto ko te konutai hypochlorite, pērā i te BEHR® Premium All-In-One Wood Cleaner Nama 63, te Mold Armor® Deck Wash, te OLYMPIC® Deck Cleaner rānei, e taunakihia ana. Mō ngā wāhi uaua pērā i te hinu, e taunakihia ana ngā kai tango hinu pērā i te Super Clean™ Multi-Purpose Cleaner/Degreaser. Me whakamātau tuatahi ngā kaipupuri whare i ēnei ki tētahi wāhi iti, huna. Me karo i ngā matū kino pērā i te bleach nā te mea ka kino pea te mata, ka huri rānei tōna tae.
Horoi Haumaru Rehu & Horoi Kaihoroi Papa Hikohiko He kōwhiringa haumaru, he whai hua hoki tēnei. Ka whakakorea ngā paru uaua pērā i te pūkohu, te pokepokea ai, te rimurimu, te rango, te paru, me te kai. E 5% noa iho te wai māota kei roto i tēnei horoi taiao. Kāore e pā kino ki te whenua me ngā mōkai. He pai mō ngā momo waitohu papa hangai, tae atu ki a Trex, TimberTech, Azek, Fiberon, me Calibamboo.
Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei ngā rongoā horoi kua tūtohutia mō ngā momo paru motuhake:
| Momo Para | Ngā Kaihoko Horoi e Manakohia ana |
|---|---|
| Paru me te paru | He paraihe huruhuru ngohengohe me te wai hopi mahana. Mō te paru uaua, whakamahia he mīhini horoi pēhanga (mōrahi 3100 psi) me te pito hau. |
| Ngā Tohu Tio | Te Simple Green, me ētahi atu kaihoroi whānui. |
| Ngā paru wai mārō | Winika mā, he whakakanapa papa rānei kei roto ko te waikawa oxalic, te waikawa phosphoric rānei. |
| Hukapapa me te Hukarere | Te konupūmā hauota, te tote toka rānei. Horoia pai i muri i te whakamahinga. |
| Hinu, Ngako, me ngā Paraka Kai | Mō ngā papa Trex Enhance® me Trex Select®, whakamahia he wai tango hinu arumoni. Mō ngā papa Trex Transcend® me Trex Signature®, whakamahia he wai tango hinu arumoni, he wai horoi rānei kei roto he wai mā. |
| te pokepokea ai me te harore | Mō ngā papa Trex Enhance® me Trex Select®, whakamahia he kaihoroi kei roto he mā me te paraihe huruhuru ngohengohe. Mō ngā papa Trex Transcend® me Trex Signature®, whakamahia he kaihoroi kei roto he mā, he tango pokepokea ai rānei. |
| Ngā paru waikura | He whakakanapa papa o raro kei roto ko te waikawa oxalic, te waikawa phosphoric rānei. |
| Ngā Karawarawa me ngā Pakaru | Mō ngā papa Trex Enhance® me Trex Select®, whakamahia he paraihe huruhuru ngohengohe me te wai mahana, hopi. Mō ngā papa Trex Transcend® me Trex Signature®, whakamahia he paraihe waea, he pepa kirikiri rānei (120-kirikiri) hei kirikiri mārire i te wāhi e pāngia ana. |
| Ngā tohu tannin (mai i ngā rau/para) | He whakakanapa papa o raro kei roto ko te waikawa oxalic, te waikawa phosphoric rānei. |
| Ngā Tae Pēri me te Waina | Mō ngā papa Trex Enhance® me Trex Select®, whakamahia he kaihoroi kei roto he wai mā. Mō ngā papa Trex Transcend® me Trex Signature®, whakamahia he kaihoroi kei roto he wai mā, he tango paru arumoni rānei. |
| Peita me te Wanihi | Mō ngā papa Trex Enhance® me Trex Select®, whakamahia he mīhini tango peita, he mīhini horoi arumoni rānei. Mō ngā papa Trex Transcend® me Trex Signature®, whakamahia he mīhini tango peita, he mīhini horoi arumoni rānei. |
| Paru me te paru kua whakatōkia ki roto | Mō ngā papa Trex Enhance® me Trex Select®, whakamahia he horoi pehanga (mōrahi 3100 psi) me te pito hau. Mō ngā papa Trex Transcend® me Trex Signature®, whakamahia he horoi pehanga (mōrahi 3100 psi) me te pito hau. |
| Horoi Whānui | He paraihe huruhuru ngohengohe me te wai hopi mahana. Mō te paru uaua, whakamahia he mīhini horoi pēhanga (mōrahi 3100 psi) me te pito hau. |
| Ngā Taunakitanga Hua Motuhake | Mō ngā papa Trex, e taunaki ana a Trex kia whakamahia he kaihoroi i hangaia mō ngā papa hiato, pērā i te Trex Deck Cleaner. |
| Ngā Kaihoroi Whānui | Te Simple Green, me ētahi atu kaihoroi whānui. |
| Ngā Kaihoroi e hangai ana ki te Mā | Mō ngā paru pokepokea ai, harore, hua rākau, me te waina i runga i ngā papa Trex Transcend® me Trex Signature®. |
| Ngā Kaiwhakakore Hinu Arumoni | Mō ngā paru hinu, ngako, me ngā paru kai i runga i ngā papa Trex Enhance® me Trex Select®. |
| Ngā Whakakanapa Papa | Mō ngā paru wai mārō, waikura, me ngā paru tannin. |
| Ngā Kaiwhakaiti Peita | Mō ngā paru peita me te wanihi. |
| Paraihe Waea/Pepa Kanikani | Mō ngā karawarawa me ngā pakarukaru i runga i ngā papa o Trex Transcend® me Trex Signature®. |
Te Whai Hua mō te Wā Roa mō tō Taiapa Māra WPC
He nui te whai huatanga o te utu mō te rakau hiato mō te wā roa, inā koa mō te taiapa māra wpc. Ahakoa he nui ake te haumitanga tuatahi o te taiapa hiato, he iti noa ngā whakaritenga tiaki ka hua ake he penapena nui i roto i te wā. Ko ngā taiapa rakau tuku iho me tiaki ā-tau pēnei i te tae, te peita, te maimoatanga pepeke rānei. Ka taea e ēnei mahi te tāpiri ki ngā rau, ki ngā mano tāra rānei i roto i ngā tau. Ko te taiapa hiato, he horoi noa i ētahi wā. Kāore e hiahiatia he peita, he hiri, he maimoatanga pepeke, he paninga ātete wai rānei. Neke atu i te 20 tau, nā te whakaiti i ngā hiahia tiaki ka tika ake te utu tuatahi teitei mō te taiapa hiato nā te nui o ngā penapena utu.
Ko te taiapa rakau me hiri, me pania rānei i ia tau, me whakatika ngā papa pakaru, pirau rānei, me te peita anō i ngā wā katoa hei ārai i te memeha. Ka piki haere ēnei utu i roto i ngā tau. Ko te taiapa hiato koiora me horoi noa i ētahi wā ki te hopi me te wai. Kāore e hiahiatia he paninga, he hiri, he peita anō rānei. He iti ake hoki te tūponotanga o te kino mai i te kakahu noa. Neke atu i te 20 tau, ka taea e ngā taiapa rakau te tono mano tāra mo te mahi me ngā rauemi mo te tiaki. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka karohia e te taiapa hiato ēnei utu huna.
Whakaarohia ngā utu noa mō te taiepa rakau:
- Te utu mō te whakakoi: E hiahiatia ana i te tau tuatahi me te tau tuarua, ā, i ia tau tuarua, ko te toharite he $6 mō te whakakoi me te $4 mō te horoi pēhanga i ngā taha e rua.
- Ngā utu whakatika: Ko ngā utu noa he $500 i te tau 4 me te tau 6, ā, ka piki ki te $1500 i te tau 10. Ko ngā utu whakakapinga katoa ka eke ki te 20%+ o te haumitanga taketake, ā, ka piki rua te utu o te taiapa rakau i roto i te iti iho i te rua tekau tau.
- Ngā utu whakakapinga: Ko te roanga o te ora o tētahi taiapa rakau he 10-12 tau, ā, muri iho ka hiahiatia te tango me te whakakapinga katoa.
E whakataurite ana tēnei ripanga i ngā momo taiapa rerekē:
| Momo Taiapa | Utu Toharite (Mō ia Putu Raina) | Te roanga o te ora | Te tiaki |
|---|---|---|---|
| Taiapa Whakakotahi | $35–$65 | 25–30 tau+ | Iti |
| Taiapa Rakau | $15–$30 | 10–15 tau | Teitei (whakataetae, hiri) |
| Taiapa Winiru | $20–$40 | 20–25 tau | Iti |
| Taiapa Hononga Mekameka | $10–$20 | 15–20 tau | Waenga |
Ahakoa he iti ake te utu mō ngā taiapa rakau paerewa i te tīmatanga, tata ki te $15 te utu mō ia putu, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taiapa rakau hiato he $25 te putu, neke atu rānei, ka pā nui te roa o te oranga ki te utu katoa o te mana pupuri. Nā te roa o te oranga mahi iti rawa o te rakau hiato he 15–20 tau, ka nui ake te utu i roto i te wā. He iti ake te utu o te mana pupuri ahakoa te utu nui ake i te tīmatanga. Nā tēnei ka waiho te taiapa hiato, tae atu ki te taiapa māra wpc, hei whiringa pai mō te taha pūtea i roto i tōna roanga oranga.
He āhua papai, he āhua rangatira anō hoki te taiapa hiato, he rite ki te mahi kāmura ritenga engari kāore he tiaki. Ka whakarei ake tēnei i te ataahua o te taha me te uara hoko anō. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga o te taiapa hiato, ka penapenahia mō te wā roa mā te roa ake i te rakau (he maha ngā wā ka rua te roa o te roa o te taiapa rakau, arā, 10-15 tau te roa). Ka whakakorea hoki ngā utu tiaki auau pērā i te paninga, te hiri, me te whakakapinga papa. Ko ngā kaipupuri whare e whakamahere ana ki te noho mō te wā roa, e rapu ana rānei i te ataahua o te taha mō te hoko anō, ka kitea e rātou he pai ake te uara mō te wā ora o ngā rauemi hiato i te rakau. Me tiaki tonu te rakau, ā, me whakakapi anō hoki i te wā. Ko ngā kaipupuri whare e whakaaro ana ki tētahi taiapa māra wpc hou, ka kitea e rātou he pai ake te uara mō te wā ora o ngā kōwhiringa hiato.
| Āhuatanga | Papa Whakakotahi | Papa Rākau | ROI o te Papa | ROI o te Patio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utu | Te utu tīmatanga teitei ake | Te utu tīmatanga iti iho | 60-80% | 30-60% |
| Te tiaki | Iti (horoi anake) | Teitei (whakapaipai, hiri, whakatikatika) | ||
| Te roa o te ora | 25-30 tau | 10-15 tau | ||
| Te Piira a te Kaihoko | Teitei (hou, pakari) | He āhua noa (he tikanga tuku iho, me tiaki tonu) | ||
| Uara Hoko Anō | Tāpiri uara nui | Tāpiri uara, engari iti iho i te hiato nā te tiaki |
Te Āhua Ataahua me te Kawenga Taiao
Ngā Kōwhiringa Ataahua me te Hoahoa Pūmau
Ngā tuku rakau whakakotahi te āhua ataahua tonu mā roto i ngā momo whakaotinga, tae, me ngā kakano. Ka whakaratohia he whakaritenga nui ake me te āhua ōrite, he rerekē ki te rakau tūturu, he rerekētanga ā-roto. Ka hangaia e ngā kaihanga te rakau hiato mō te roa o te mau. Ka ātete ki te piko, te pakaru, te ngatata, me te kino o ngā pepeke. Kāore i rite ki te rakau tuku iho, ka ātete te rakau hiato ki te memeha i ngā hihi UV, ka mau tonu tōna tae kanapa i roto i te wā. He maha ngā hua papa hiato he ātete ki te rakuraku. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i a rātou ki te pupuri i te āhua hou ahakoa te whakamahinga nui. Mā ngā aukati UV me ngā kaihoko ārai wai, ka mau tonu te rakau hiato me tōna āhua mō ngā tau me te iti o ngā tohu koroheketanga. Mā tēnei ka roa ake te whakapai ake i te ataahua o waho o te whare. Ka whai ngā papa rakau hiato hou i te ataahua tūturu o te rakau tūturu, me ngā kakano momona me ngā tae kua oti te whakapai. Ka āwhina ngā tukanga hanga auaha i ngā tae kia mau tonu.
| Āhuatanga | Rakau Whakakotahi (WPC) | Rakau Taiao |
|---|---|---|
| Āhua | He rite tonu mai i tētahi papa ki tētahi papa, he whānuitanga o ngā tae, ngā kakano, me ngā pānga kiko rakau tūturu. | He momona ngā tauira witi, he ātaahua tuku iho, engari he rerekētanga ā-taiao. |
| Ngāwari o te Hoahoa | He whakaritenga pai ake me te āhua ōrite. | Kāore pea e tino hiahiatia ngā āhua taupatupatu i roto i ngā hoahoa hou, ōrite. |
| Whakatau mō te Ataahua | Ka whakarato i te whakaritenga pai ake me te āhua ōrite. | He āhua ahurei engari he rerekētanga anō hoki. |
Ko te whakakikorua rakau whakakotahi e tuku ana i te āhua ōrite me ngā tauira kākano kua whakahaeretia. He whānuitanga o ngā tae me ngā whakaotinga, tae atu ki te āhua rakau me ngā hina hou. Mā ngā paninga ātete-UV ka ārai i te memeha, i te ira rānei. He rerekētanga tūturu tō te rakau tūturu. Ka taea e ēnei rerekētanga te arahi ki te tae kore taurite i roto i te wā, ngā pona, ngā wehenga, me ngā taupatupatu kākano.
Ka whakaratohia hoki e te rakau whakakotahi te ngāwari o te hoahoa mō ngā wāhi o waho. Ka whakarite ngā kaiwhakauru i te wāhi papa mā te ine me te tohu i te wāhi tāutanga. Ka whakarite rātou i te tawhiti tika mai i ngā hanganga, ā, ka whakarite hoki i te whenua mā te whakataurite me te tango i ngā paru. Mō te turanga pumau, me keri ngā kōhao pou me te riringi i ngā turanga raima. He mea nui te pupuri i te rerenga wai tika hei ārai i te kino o te wai. Me whai 1% te papa (he hekenga waru-inihi ia putu) hei arahi i te ua kia matara atu i te papa. Ko te anga, ko te 'angaanga' rānei, he mea hanga mai i ngā kurupae whakapae e honoa ana e ngā pou poutū e tau ana ki runga i ngā papa turanga raima. He mea nui ngā pokapū kurupae tika mō te pumau. Kia tū te anga, ka whakatakotoria e ngā kaiwhakauru ngā papa hiato. He mea nui kia mau tonu te tawhiti tika (tata ki te 3mm, te matotoru rānei o te rua hauwhā) i waenga i ngā papa. Mā tēnei ka taea te nekehanga taiao nā ngā huringa pāmahana me te haumākū. He mea nui anō hoki te whakahaere i ngā hononga papa mō te ataahua me te ārai i ngā wāhi ngoikore. Mō te whakaotinga maeneene me te kore he tīwiri e kitea ana, ka piri pūmau ngā whakapiri huna ki te anga papa. Ka mau ki ngā kōhao motuhake i roto i ia pito papa. Mā tēnei ka mau te pakari me te pupuri i te ataahua tirohanga. Ka whakarei ake ngā pa whakaoti i te āhua me te mahi me ngā huānga pēnei i te whakaotinga fascia, ngā taupoki pou, me ngā reera papa. Ka whakapai ake i te āhua o te papa, ka tiaki hoki i te hanganga o te papa mai i te makuku me te paru, kia roa ai te wā e whakamahia ana.
Ka taea e ngā kaipupuri whare te whiriwhiri mai i he maha ngā tauira hoahoa:
- Tauira Papa Whānui-KotahiKoinei te mea māmā rawa atu, ā, he iti rawa te utu ki te tāuta. Ko te tikanga, 16 inihi te tawhiti o ngā papa i waenganui. E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te tauira papa whakapae, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā kaipupuri whare e aro nui ana ki te tahua e rapu ana i tētahi hoahoa ātaahua.
- Tauira Papa WhakararaKa whakatakotoria e ngā kaiwhakauru ngā papa ki te koki 45-tohu puta noa i ngā kurupae. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te kaha o te anga, ā, ka ārai i te whatanga. He nui ake te mahi e hiahiatia ana nā te nui haere o ngā tapahi, ā, me whakaiti pea te tawhiti o ngā kurupae ki te 12 inihi i waenganui hei tautoko. Ka tāpirihia e tēnei tauira te matatau, ā, ka taea te whakanui i ngā tirohanga, te whakahaere tika rānei i te nekehanga.
- Tauira Papa Anga PikitiaKo te mahi i tēnei ko te whakatakoto papa papa huri noa i te papa. Ka hangaia he rohe toi. Ka taea te tāpiri atu ki tētahi hoahoa, ā, ka kitea hoki he rerekē ngā tae. Mēnā ka āta whakamaheretia, ka taea te whakahaere me te iti o te utu me te moumou rauemi.
- Tauira Papa Papa WhakawhitiKa hangaia e ēnei papa he piriti i waenganui i ngā wāhi e rua, i ngā huānga rānei i runga i te papa. He tohu tēnei mō tētahi nekehanga ā-tinana, mō tētahi panoni rānei i te aronga o te papa. Ka tukuna e rātou he ngāwari ki te whakarite i te āhua me te mahi, pērā i te wehewehe i ngā wāhi, te tāpiri rānei i te ātaahua tirohanga ki ngā oma roa.
- Tauira Papa HerringboneHe tohu tēnei tauira mō te papai. E hiahiatia ana he tohunga mahi toi tino pūkenga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka nui ngā whakapainga o te anga raro. Ka roa pea te wā, ka nui hoki te utu, engari ka puta he hua tino pai me ngā kaiwhakauru mohio me ngā rauemi kounga teitei.
- Tauira Papa ChevronHe momo ngāwari o te herringbone, ka hangaia he āhua zig-zag mā te whakawhitiwhiti i ngā ahunga o te papa. Ko te tikanga he koki 90-tohu ngā papa, me ngā papa e tapahia ana i ngā koki 45-tohu ka honoa ngātahi. Me tapahi tika me te whakapai ake i te anga iti, nō reira he mea tika kia tāutahia e te tohunga.
- Tauira Papa Papa WhakatakotorangaHe rite tēnei ki te pereki. Ka honoa auautia ngā papa puta noa i te mata o te papa. Ka pakaru te āhua o ngā papa roa, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i tētahi āhua hou. He anga iti māmā te whakamahi, he rite ki ētahi atu tauira māmā.
- Tauira Papa Tāera, Papa Pāhi rāneiHe huarahi auaha tēnei hei waihanga i tētahi wāhi o waho huatau e āhua whānui ake ana. He rerekē ngā rahi o ngā papaki me ngā whakaritenga āhuahanga e whakamahia ana. E hiahiatia ana he hanganga iti uaua me te whakamahere taipitopito mō tēnei tauira, ā, he pai ake te mahi a ngā kaimahi mohio.
- Tauira Papa PikoHe rongonui tēnei nā te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi me ngā taputapu piko. Mā tēnei ka taea te hanga hoahoa auaha me te ahurei. He nui ake te kaha me te whakamahere e hiahiatia ana i ngā papa paerewa, tae atu ki ngā anga iti me ngā taputapu motuhake. He maha ngā wā me mahi tahi me ngā tohunga mohio.
- Tauira Whakatakotoranga PapaHe huarahi auaha tēnei hei tāpiri i te ātaahua mā te whakamahi i ngā tae, ngā koki, me ngā āhua rerekē. He uaua ngā tārai, he roa te wā, ā, ka hua ake he moumou rauemi. Me nui te ārai poutū i waenga i ngā kurupae me te aro ki ngā taipitopito.
Ka whakarite ngā kaihanga i te ōritetanga o te tae puta noa i ngā puranga whakaputa rerekē. Ka tūtohu rātou kia whakamahia te tau puranga ōrite mō tētahi mahi. Mena he rerekē ngā tau puranga, ka tūtohu kia whakaranua ngā puranga katoa kia ōrite te tae. Ngā tukanga whakaputa puranga whai hua kia mau tonu te kounga me te pumau o ngā hua rakau whakakotahi, tae atu ki te tae. Ka aro atu ngā kaihanga ki te ōritetanga o te tae mā te whakatinana ngā pūnaha tango puehu me ngā arowhai kounga tino pakari i te wā e hangaia ana. Mā ēnei mahi ka āwhina i te whakakore i ngā poke me te whakarite kia ōrite te hanganga o ia puranga rakau hiato. Ka whakamanahia e ngā kaiwhakarato kounga teitei te mana whakahaere kounga tino pakari me te ōritetanga o te puranga mō ā rātou hua rauemi hiato rakau kirihou. Mā tēnei ka rite te tae i waenga i ngā momo puranga tuku. He tukanga hanga whakauru Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tino tika te whakahaere kounga mai i te rauemi mata ki te hua kua oti. Ka whakarite tēnei kia ōrite te tae, te kakano, me ngā rahinga puta noa i ngā puranga katoa mō ngā kaupapa nunui, tae atu ki te taiapa māra wpc.
He Kōwhiringa Tauwhiro mō te Ao
He kōwhiringa pumau mō te ao ngā hua rakau hiato. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he nui o ngā rauemi hangarua. Ngā Huinga Whakamana-Taiao™ (ECC) me whai i ngā hua he iti rawa te 75% o te muka hangarua, he muka whakaora rānei, he iti rawa te 50% o te muka hangarua, he muka whakaora rānei, ME te iti rawa hoki o te 5% o te muka i muri i te hoko. Kei roto i te Paerewa Whakapūmau Taonga BIFMA e3-2014e, e āwhina pea ngā mira ECC ki te whakatutuki, ngā paearu mō te Ihirangi Hangarua i te 30% me te 50%. Ngā hiato rakau-kirihou a Terratek WC ka taea te whakauru ki te 60% o ngā matūriki rakau. Ko ngā rauemi kirihou e whakamahia ana i roto i te Terratek WC ka taea te tiki mai i ngā rauemi hangarua o muri i te ahumahi, o muri rānei i te kaihoko. Ko te hanganga Terratek WC 100300 kei roto tata ki te 30% o ngā muka rakau me te 70% o te polypropylene kua whakahokia mai.
Kei te pupuri ngā kaihanga o ngā hua rakau whakakotahi ngā tiwhikete rerekē mō te pūtake me te whakaputa tauwhiro. Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka whakarite i te kawenga taiao puta noa i te huringa ora o te hua.
- Tiwhikete ECC a te Rōpū Paewhiri Hiato (CPA)E pā ana tēnei paerewa oranga tonutanga ki ngā kaihanga o ngā panera rakau hiato, ngā panera muka ahuwhenua rānei. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahi i te CPA Carbon Calculator hei aromatawai i te huringa ora me te tapuwae waro o ngā panera hiato.
- Tautoko Whiwhinga LEED V4Ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whiwhi Whiwhinga LEED, inā koa i roto i te Kāwai Rauemi Iti-Te-Whakaputa. Ka whai wāhi tēnei ki te pūnaha whakatauranga whare matomato e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
- Tiwhikete mekameka tiaki (CoC) a te Kaunihera Tiaki Ngāhere (FSC)Mā tēnei tiwhikete ka whakarite kia hangaia ngā hua mai i ngā rauemi i ahu mai i ngā ngahere kua whakamanahia e te FSC me ētahi atu puna whakahaere. Ka whakatairanga i ngā painga taiao, pāpori, me te ōhanga. Ka taea te tapanga i ngā hua hei tohu i te whakahaere ngahere haepapa.
- Whakapuakitanga Hua Taiao UL (EPD)Mā te EPD ka ine, ka tātari hoki i ngā pānga waro o tētahi hua mā te Aromatawai Huringa Ora (LCA). Ko te tiwhikete UL EPD e tohu ana i te arotake motuhake me te tiwhikete o te whakaaturanga pānga taiao a te kaihanga mō ngā hua pēnei i te papa rakau mārō, te papa rakau ngohengohe, me te MDF.
- Kaupapa Ngāhere Tauwhiro (SFI)He kaupapa o Amerika Te Raki hei whakarite i ngā mahi ngahere tauwhiro.
- Te Rōpū Paerewa o Kanata (CSA)Te Paerewa Whakahaere Ngāherehere ā-Motu o Kanata.
- Pūnaha Pāmu Rākau o Amerika (ATFS): E aro ana ki ngā kaipupuri whenua iti o te US, kia mau tonu ai ngā mahi ngahere.
E toru ngā momo tiwhikete e pā ana ki te ngahere e kapi ana i ēnei pūnaha: ngā paerewa whakahaere ngahere, ngā paerewa kimi muka rakau, me ngā paerewa mekameka tiaki. E hiahiatia ana e ēnei pūnaha kia whai ngā kaipupuri whenua i ngā tikanga tauwhiro, kia ārai i ngā pūtake rakau tautohetohe, me te whai i ngā rauemi kua whakamanahia puta noa i te mekameka tuku.
Ka piri hoki ngā kaihanga ki Tiwhikete CARB me te Taitara VI o te EPA TSCA. Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka manatokohia te nui o te formaldehyde e tukuna ana e ngā hua rakau hiato. Ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture e whakatakoto ana i ngā herenga tukunga mō te papa rakau mārō, te papa matūriki, me te papa muka matotoru-waenga (MDF). Ko UL Solutions te kaiwhakamana tuatoru mō ēnei paerewa.
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te rakau hiato ki te taiao, he mea nui kia whai whakaaro ki tōna tapuwae waro i te wā e hangaia ana.
E whakaatu ana te tūtohi i runga ake nei i te tapuwae waro o ngā rauemi rerekē. He nui ake te tapuwae waro o te rakau hiato i te wā o tana mahi whakaputa ki te whakaritea ki te rakau tuku iho. Heoi, ko te roa o tōna oranga me te iti o ngā whakaritenga tiaki ka iti ake te pānga taiao whānui puta noa i te huringa ora katoa o te hua.
He tino hira ake te rakau hiato i te rakau mō ngā papa me ngā taiepa. He tino pakari, he iti noa te tiaki, ā, he ātaahua ake. He haumi atamai, he pumau hoki tēnei rauemi. Ka whakarei ake i ngā wheako noho o waho mō ngā tau maha. Ka whiriwhiria e ngā kaipupuri whare te rakau hiato mō te wāhi o waho ataahua, pakari, me te taiao.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te roanga o te ora o te rakau hiato, ki te whakaritea ki te rakau matua?
Ko te rakau hiato te tikanga e mau ana mō te 25-30 tau, neke atu rānei. Ko te rakau tuku iho me whakakapi i muri i te 10-15 tau. Nā tēnei ka waiho te hiato hei mea tino pai haumitanga roa ake.
Me horoi, me tiaki rānei te rakau hiato?
Kāo, me whakamahi te rakau hiato iti rawa te tiakiKa horoia noa e ngā kaipupuri whare ki te hopi me te wai. Kāore e hiahiatia he peita, he tae, he hiri rānei, he rerekē ki te rakau.
He kōwhiringa pai mō te taiao te rakau hiato?
Ae, he kōwhiringa pumau te rakau hiato. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā rauemi hangarua i roto i tana mahi whakaputa. Ka whakaitihia te para, ā, ka āwhina i te tiaki i ngā rauemi taiao. ♻️